कोयला मंत्रालय
Nationalisation of coal mines was undertaken in the 1970s to end unscientific mining practices and poor working conditions of labour in the private coal mines in the country. In 2014, the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India cancelled 204 coal mine/blocks which had been allocated to the various Government and private Companies since 1993 under the provisions of Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973. In 2015, the Central Government brought in Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act to re-allocate these coal blocks. The Act was promulgated to provide for allocation of these coal mines and concomitant responsibilities like vesting of the rights, title and interest in and over the land and mine infrastructure together with mining leases to Successful Bidders and Allottees with a view to ensure continuity in coal mining operations and production of coal. Subsequently, the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 was passed by the Parliament which was notified as an Act on 30.03.2015.
Nominated Authority is appointed under the section 6(1) of the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 and has been vested with the overall responsibility as highlighted below:
- to conduct the auction process and allotment;
- execution of the vesting order for transfer and vesting of Schedule I coalmines pursuant to the auction;
- executing the allotment order for any Government company or corporation in pursuance of section 5;
- recording and mutating incorporeal rights of whatsoever nature including, consents, permissions, permits, approvals, grants, registrations; and collection of auction proceeds, adjustment of preferential payments and transfer of amount to the respective State Governments where Schedule I coal mine is located in accordance with the provisions of the CM(SP) Act.
- Operationalization of auctioned/allotted mines.
Ms. Rupinder Brar, Additional Secretary has been appointed as the Nominated Authority.
Indian Coal sector has been opened up for commercial mining by private sector and this move is expected to generate a host of benefits for all the stakeholders in coal mining. Till now 20 tranches of auction and 10 rounds of allotment have been conducted and 189 mines have been allocated. The recent 21st Tranche of auction was launched on 5th December 2024.
Before launch of Commercial Auction, from 2015 till June 2020, following the procedure laid down in the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 and rules made thereunder, 10 round of auctions and 9 round of allotment were completed for specified end uses where 35 mines were auctioned and 65 were allotted, including, 15 coal mines allocated for sale of coal to Government PSUs under Rule 11 (10) of the CMSP Rules. Updated status of the coal mines allocated under CMSP Act before auction for commercial mining started is as under:-
| Allocation Route | Mines Allocated | Mines Terminated | Mines Stand Allocated | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allocated | For End Use specific | 50 | 10 | 40 |
| Under Rule 11 (10) of CMSP Rules | 15 | 3 | 12 | |
| Auction | 35 | 12 | 23 | |
| Total | 100 | 25 | 75 | |
| Total | 75 | |||
Thereafter on June 18, 2020, Ministry of Coal started auction of coal mines for commercial mining. Till now, ten rounds of commercial auctions have been completed as details mentioned below:-
(i) In the first ever round of commercial auctions, a total of 38 coal mines were offered and 18 coal mines were successfully auctioned.
(ii) Second round of commercial auctions was launched on March 25, 2021, where 67 coal mines were put up for auction out of which 11 coal mines have been successfully auctioned.
(iii) Third round was launched on October 12, 2021, where 88 coal mines were offered, of which, 13 coal mines have been auctioned.
(iv) Then the fourth round was launched on December 16, 2021, where 99 coal mines were put up for auction out of which 7 coal mines have been auctioned.
(v) The fifth round of commercial auctions was launched on March 30, 2022, and a total of 109 coal mines were put up for auction of which 10 have been successfully auctioned.
(vi) The sixth round of commercial coal mines auction was launched on November 03, 2022, where 133 coal mines have been offered of which 24 have been successfully auctioned.
(vii) The seventh round of commercial coal mines auction was launched on March 29, 2023, where 98 coal mines have been offered of which 12 have been successfully auctioned. .
(viii) The Eight round of commercial coal mines auction was launched on 15th November 2023, where 39 coal mines were offered of which 2 have been successfully auctioned.
(ix) The Ninth round of commercial coal mines auction was launched on 20th December 2023, where32coal mines were offered of which 8 have been successfully auctioned.
(x) The tenth round of commercial coal mines auction was launched on 21 June 2024 where 67 coal mines were offered of which 9 have been successfully auctioned.
(xi) The eleventh round of commercial coal mines auction was launched on 05 December 2024 where 27 coal mines were offered.
Under commercial auctions, total 113 coal mines have been auctioned with cumulative PRC of 257.60 MTPA. The revenue share received for these coal mines ranges from 5.00% to 288.25%. Out of the 113 successfully auctioned coal mines, Coal Mine/Block Development & Production Agreements (CMDPA / CBDPA) have been signed for 110 coal mines, Vesting Orders have been issued for 109 coal mines.
Ministry of Coal has so far allocated 189 coal mines including 109 mines auctioned for commercial mining on revenue share basis under the provisions of the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 and the Mines & Minerals (Development & Regulations) Act, 1957. The details of the above-mentioned 189 coal blocks are as under:-
| S. No. | Mode of Allocation | End Use "Power" | End Use "NRS" | Sale of Coal | Total | Mines having mine opening permission |
Non-operational mine | Mines under production |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Auction | 5 | 18 | 56 | 79 | 28 | 51 | 23 |
| 2 | Allotment | 38 | 2 | 12 | 52 | 35 | 17 | 32 |
| Total | 43 | 20 | 68 | 131 | 63 | 68 | 55 | |
| S. No. | Mode of Allocation | End Use "Power" | End Use "NRS" | Sale of Coal | Total | Mines having mine opening permission |
Non-operational mine | Mines under production |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Auction | 0 | 0 | 53 | 53 | 1 | 52 | 0 |
| 2 | Allotment | 4 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Total | 4 | 0 | 54 | 58 | 1 | 51 | 0 | |
| Grand Total | 47 | 20 | 122 | 189 | 64 | 125 | 55 | |
Out of the coal mines allocated by Nominated Authority, 64 coal mines have obtained Mine Opening Permission and 55coal mines are producing coal so far.Further, 4 coal blocks allocated under the provisions of Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973 which were not cancelled by Hon’ble Supreme Court have obtained Mine Opening Permission and are producing coal. The details of coal production from the above-mentioned mines is as under:-
| Year | No. of operational Coal blocks | Coal Production (MT) |
|---|---|---|
| 2015-16 | 11 | 29.50 |
| 2016-17 | 12 | 32.53 |
| 2017-18 | 19 | 36.88 |
| 2018-19 | 27 | 49.91 |
| 2019-20 | 32 | 58.88 |
| 2020-21 | 39 | 63.14 |
| 2021-22 | 46 | 85.32 |
| 2022-23 | 51 | 116.08 |
| 2023-24 | 57 | 147.12 |
| 2024-25(till January 2025) | 64 | 150.24 |
* Note : Above coal production includes production from 4 coal mines allocated under the provisions of CMN Act, 1973.
Coal production from the captive coal mines and commercial coal mines allocated by Ministry of Coal / Nominated Authority is continuously increasing resulting in lessening the burden of Coal India Ltd. to supply coal to various end users, saving valuable foreign exchange and leading to ease of doing business in the country. In F.Y. 2022-23, coal production from captive and commercial coal mines was 116.08MillionTonnes (MT) and in F.Y. 2023-24, coal production from captive and commercial coal mines was147.12 MT, which is around 27% more than F.Y. 2022-23. This is a great achievement from coal mines allocated by Ministry of Coal and a remarkable step leading to Atmanirbhar Bharat.
